The brain may be divided into three parts: the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum(1).
The cerebrum is in front of the brain. It has two primary parts: the right and left hemispheres. The cerebrum is responsible for body temperature, coordination and initiation of movement, hearing, touch, vision, judgment, problem-solving, reasoning, learning, and emotions(2).
Meanwhile, the brainstem is made up of the midbrain, the medulla, and the pons. Brainstem functions include transmissions of sensory messages, mouth and eye movement, involuntary muscle movements, sneezing, coughing, hunger, respirations, consciousness, cardiac function, body temperature, swallowing, and vomiting(3).
Lastly, the cerebellum or the back of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements and maintaining balance, posture, and equilibrium(4).
Cranial nerves are nerves connected to the brain. Below is the list of cranial nerves in the body(5):
The thyroid gland is an organ in the neck covered by a fibrous capsule and a sheath called deep cervical fascia(6).
The gland consists of right and left lobes, each of which has an apex ascending between the neck muscle sternothyroid and the pharynx (the tube behind the mouth)(7).
A group of muscles, called infrahyoid muscles, covers the thyroid gland’s lateral surface in front of the neck(8).Â
The parathyroid glands are endocrine organs in the neck outside the thyroid capsule. The glands release hormones called parathyroid hormone or parathormone when the body has low blood calcium levels(9).
The trachea is located in the neck and partly in the thoracic cavity, which refers to the region between the abdomen and root of the neck(10).
The trachea moistens and warms the air passing through the lungs. The organ also protects the respiratory surface from foreign particle buildup(11).
Meanwhile, the esophagus spans the neck, thorax, and abdomen(12). The organ’s primary function is to deliver food from the pharynx to the stomach(13).
The right and left carotid arteries are the main vessels of the head and neck(14).
The external carotid artery supplies blood to external skull structures, the face, and most of the neck. The internal carotid artery distributes blood within the cranial cavity(15).
A head MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a procedure that uses magnets and radio waves to develop images of the brain and its nerve tissues.
During the procedure, the patient lies down on a narrow slate, which slides into a tube-like scanner.
Some MRI procedures need a special dye, called a contrast agent. The radiologist may recommend the dye to highlight certain areas of the body in the medical images.
A head MRI usually takes 30 to 60 minutes to complete(16).
A head computed tomography (CT) scan uses X-rays to take medical images of the brain, the skull, sinuses, and eye sockets.Â
During the procedure, the patient lies down on a narrow slate that slides into the center of the CT scan machine.Â
While inside the scanner, the machine sends out X-rays to take separate images of the body that may be stored, viewed on a computer monitor, or saved to a disc.
A complete head CT scan takes approximately 30 seconds to a few minutes(17).
A physician may suggest a head CT scan to diagnose the following medical conditions(18):
The abdomen and pelvis regions are often grouped together in radiology and medical imaging tests.
A commonly conducted imaging test on the abdomen and pelvis region is the abdominopelvic CT(10). Doctors often perform a combined PET/CT scan to diagnose or evaluate cancers in the abdominopelvic region(11).
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan is a nuclear imaging technique(12).
X-ray is a medical imaging procedure that uses electromagnetic energy beams to produce medical images of the skull. Physicians recommend X-rays for various reasons, including diagnosing infection, tumors, foreign bodies, or bone trauma(19).
The procedure uses external radiation to develop images of the body and its organs in films to diagnose a medical problem. Computers and digital media may also be used instead of films.
A doctor needs X-rays of the spine to evaluate abnormalities in a patient’s neck, back, and spine.
A physician may order the procedure to diagnose the cause of a patient’s neck pain, broken bones, or other abnormalities(20).
Doctors may recommend other procedures to diagnose neck problems, such as myelography (using a spinal needle to check for problems in the spinal canal), CT scan, bone scan, or MRI scan.
This page presents the anatomy of middle ear by means of CT-scan. You have three different galleries of images depicting the anatomy of the middle ear: • level 1 to 6 (axial, coronal, sagittal reconstruction for the same level . A set of 3 images correspond to a given level and the green cross […]
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This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on skull base CT. Foramina of the Skull Base The foramina of the skull refer to small openings that allow the passage of nerves and blood vessels(1). The human skull has various foramina in which cranial nerves, veins, arteries, and other essential structures pass(2). Moreover, the frontal,
foramina of the skull base (CT) Read More
nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound is a prenatal screening test typically done between 11 to 13 weeks of a woman’s pregnancy to help detect potential chromosomal abnormalities related to Down syndrome in the child.
Nuchal Translucency Test Read More
Tomography is also recognized as computed tomography (CT). Specialists use CT scans to examine inside body structures(1). Mayo Clinic defines a computerized tomography (CT) scan as combining a series of X-ray images collected from various angles around a patient’s body with computer processing.
This gallery of images presents the anatomy of the temporal bone by means of CT-scan (reconstructions). Computed tomography or CT scan of the temporal bone uses X-ray technology and advanced computer software to generate detailed images of the head. The temporal bones are situated at the skull’s base and sides. CT scan allows the
CT Scan of the Temporal Bone Read More
https://w-radiology.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/panoramique-dentaire-4.jpg There are 32 permanent teeth in the adult. Each quadrant has 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars. The numbering is done with two numbers: the first number indicates the dial, the second tooth itself: • First number: Maxilla: upper right: 1; upper left 2; Mandible: lower right: 4; lower left: 3.
Panoramic radiography Read More
This webpage presents the anatomical structures found on orbit CT. Coronal view Axial view Coronal view Image 1. CT Anatomy of the orbit. Coronal reconstruction. 1, Nasolacrimal duct. 2, Globe. 3, Frontal sinus. 4, Frontal bone. 5, Zygomatic bone. Image 2. CT Anatomy of the orbit. Coronal reconstruction. 1, Nasolacrimal duct. 2, Globe. 3,
CT of the Orbit: anatomy Read More
This gallery of images presents the anatomy of the neck vessels (carotid and vertebral arteries) by means of magnetic resonance angiography. Carotid and Vertebral Arteries Carotid and vertebral arteries lie on either side of the neck(1). They supply blood flow to the brain. Carotid arteries consist of three layers: tunica intima (the inner layer),
MRA of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries Read More
The sagittal suture is the line where the right and left parietal bone are in contact. The coronal suture is the line where the parietal bone frontal bone and are in contact. The lambdoid suture is a line where the parietal bone occipital bone and are in contact. The lambda is the point where
This web page presents the anatomical structures found on paranasal sinuses CT. Axial view Coronal view Sagittal view Axial view Image 1. CT Scan of the Paranasal Sinuses, axial reconstruction. 1, Orbital cavity. 2, Frontal sinus. 3, Sphenoid bone. Image 2. CT Scan of the Paranasal Sinuses, axial reconstruction. 1, Globe. 2, Nasal septum.
Paranasal sinuses CT anatomy Read More
